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2. Cost Management The synthesis of APIs can be costly, and pharmaceutical companies must balance quality with the economic realities of drug development.


 

Innovations in sustainable chemistry, waste reduction technologies, and energy-efficient processes are becoming more prevalent. Companies that prioritize sustainability not only mitigate their environmental impact but also enhance their brand reputation and meet the expectations of socially conscious consumers.


 

1. Scaling One of the most common challenges faced in closed loop systems is the buildup of scale. Minerals such as calcium and magnesium can precipitate out of solution, leading to fouling of heat exchangers and pipes. This not only impedes water flow and reduces heat transfer efficiency but can also damage equipment over time.


- Regular Monitoring Continuous monitoring of water chemistry is essential. Parameters such as conductivity, pH, and microorganism levels should be regularly checked to assess the need for chemical adjustments.


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